Pes Planus and Flatfoot

Pes planus and flatfoot affect the longitudinal arch of the foot. While in pes planus it is merely flattened, in flatfoot it is significantly more sunken. Not every change causes discomfort. Therefore, in addition to the shape of the foot, the crucial factors are how well it can bear weight in everyday life and whether pain or pressure points occur.

What is Pes Planus?

In a pes planus, the longitudinal arch on the inside of the foot has sunken. This makes the foot appear flatter, and when stepping, a larger part of the sole of the foot touches the ground than with a pronounced longitudinal arch.

A distinction is made, among other things, between flexible and rigid forms. In a flexible pes planus, the arch becomes more pronounced again when not bearing weight. In a rigid form, it remains flattened even when not under load.

What is a Flatfoot?

The flatfoot is a more pronounced flattening of the longitudinal arch. When standing, the sole of the foot can largely or completely touch the ground. The transition from pes planus to flatfoot is fluid.

A flatfoot can be congenital or develop over the course of life. In adults, changes in muscles, ligaments, and tendons, overuse or misuse, and injuries can play a role. The causes are not the same for everyone.

What is the difference between Pes Planus and Flatfoot?

The main difference lies in the degree of flattening of the longitudinal arch:

In pes planus, the arch of the foot is lowered but still discernible. In flatfoot, it is so flattened that the sole of the foot can rest largely or completely on the ground when standing.

This is to be distinguished from, for example, a [valgus foot]. Here, the focus is primarily on the altered position of the hindfoot or heel. However, various foot deformities can also occur together.

An overview of other changes and complaints can be found under [The most common foot problems].

What symptoms can occur?

Pes planus or flatfoot does not necessarily cause symptoms. Many people cope well in everyday life despite a flattened arch.

If symptoms occur, the feet may feel tired more quickly after prolonged standing or walking, for example. Pain in the inner foot or hindfoot, as well as pressure points due to altered weight bearing, are also possible.

New or persistent pain, as well as a significant increase in the change in foot shape, should be professionally evaluated.

What should one consider when choosing shoes for flat feet?

Shoes for flat feet or pes planus should primarily fit the individual foot shape well and offer sufficient space. Shoes that are too tight or ill-fitting can exert additional pressure on areas already under greater strain.

Pay particular attention to a suitable shoe width, enough space for the toes, and a secure fit at the heel. A shoe should guide the foot without constricting it. If orthopedic insoles are worn, there must also be sufficient space for them in the shoe.

Which fit is suitable always depends on the individual foot. Information on size, width, and fit can also be found in our guide [Finding the right shoe].

Suitable footwear can support wearing comfort and help prevent pressure points. However, it does not replace medical treatment and cannot fundamentally correct the shape of a pes planus or flatfoot.